Balancing Robust Fundamental Science Research and National Security Needs

The open exchange of scientific information, international collaborations, and the contributions of foreign-born scientists have been critical to the success of U.S. science and technology research, on which the economic well-being and national security of the United States depend.1 Likewise, international scientific cooperation contributes to global economic development and fosters mutual understanding across political and ideological divisions—promoting peaceful relations among partnering nations.2

While some areas of research require controls for national security purposes, to the greatest extent possible the products of fundamental research should remain unrestricted, consistent with National Security Decision Directive 189.3 The primary mechanism for control of research on national security grounds should be classification.4 The conduct and dissemination of research is also constrained by export control and other regulatory law. While the APS acknowledges the importance of these regulations, they should not unduly constrain fundamental research.

Responsibilities of scientists for stewardship of their national security-related research include a commitment to the principles of research integrity,5 with a special emphasis on the full disclosure of commitments, financial support, and conflicts of interest; and the responsible handling of research information including abiding by classification and export control rules and regulations. Responsibilities of research institutions and funders include developing clear and well-communicated standards that define responsible research conduct, disseminating them to scientists and their international collaborators, and ensuring that scientists adhere to these standards.6

The health of science is of national and global importance and depends on sharing information and ideas, the contributions of foreign students and researchers, and international collaboration. The openness required for fundamental research can be balanced with legitimate national security needs.